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A spectrum disorder is a disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits.The different elements of a spectrum either have a similar appearance or are thought to be caused by the same underlying mechanism.
Autism is a spectrum, meaning it manifests in various ways, with its severity and support needs varying widely across different autistic people. [12] [13] [14] For example, some autistic people are nonverbal, while others have proficient spoken language.
E–S theory was developed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen in 2002, [10] as a reconceptualization of cognitive sex differences in the general population. This was done in an effort to understand why the cognitive difficulties in autism appeared to lie in domains in which he says on average females outperformed males, along with why cognitive strengths in autism appeared to lie in domains in ...
The Spectrum Model: This model proposes that associations between personality and psychopathology are found because these two constructs both occupy a single domain or spectrum and psychopathology is simply a display of the extremes of normal personality function.
Emotional spectrum disorder describes a range of conditions classified as mood disorders in the DSM-5, published in 2013. Individuals with emotional spectrum disorder (ESD) include those diagnosed with mood regulating disorders, including:
The concept of the bipolar spectrum is similar to that of Emil Kraepelin's original concept of manic depressive illness. [109] Bipolar II disorder was established as a diagnosis in 1994 within DSM IV; though debate continues over whether it is a distinct entity, part of a spectrum, or exists at all. [110]
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [1] [2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social ...
Dimensional models are intended to reflect what constitutes personality disorder symptomology according to a spectrum, rather than in a dichotomous way.As a result of this they have been used in three key ways; firstly to try to generate more accurate clinical diagnoses, secondly to develop more effective treatments and thirdly to determine the underlying etiology of disorders.