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Dryopteris / d r aɪ ˈ ɒ p t ə r ɪ s /, [2] commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to Dryopteris filix-mas), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). [3]
Hybridization and polyploidy are common phenomena in ferns, and the genus Dryopteris is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera. [1] North American botanists recognized early that there were close relationships between many of the species of Dryopteris on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry ...
Dryopteris intermedia is a perennial fern that grows to a size of about 40–90 cm (16–35 in) tall and 60–90 cm (24–35 in) wide. [6] At its base, it consists of an underground rhizome from which grow the fronds of the plant in a spiral-like arrangement.
They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae . [ 1 ] Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato .
Dryopteris expansa, the alpine buckler fern, northern buckler-fern [1] or spreading wood fern, is a species of perennial fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greece in southern Europe, to Japan in eastern Asia, and to central California in North America.
Dryopteris intermedia [1]: 14 Evergreen wood fern, Fancy fern: North Georgia G5 - secure: Dryopteridaceae: Dryopteris ludoviciana [1]: 14 Southern wood fern: South of the fall line, mainly in southwestern counties G4 - apparently secure: Dryopteridaceae: Dryopteris marginalis [1]: 14 Marginal woodfern: North Georgia G5 - secure: Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris goldieana, commonly called Goldie's wood fern, or giant wood fern is a fern native to the eastern United States and adjacent areas of Canada, from New Brunswick to Ontario and Georgia. [3] It is the largest native North American species of Dryopteris and along with ostrich fern it is one of the largest ferns in eastern North America.
It is known as the narrow buckler-fern in the United Kingdom, [2] and as the spinulose woodfern in North America. [ 3 ] It is a tetraploid of hybrid origin, one parent being Dryopteris intermedia , known in North America as the intermediate wood fern, and an unknown, apparently extinct species dubbed Dryopteris semicristata , which is also the ...