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Often the independent variable is time. Described as a function, a quantity undergoing exponential growth is an exponential function of time, that is, the variable representing time is the exponent (in contrast to other types of growth, such as quadratic growth). Exponential growth is the inverse of logarithmic growth.
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This concept first arose in calculus , and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory .
A sigmoid function is any mathematical function whose graph has a characteristic S-shaped or sigmoid curve. A common example of a sigmoid function is the logistic function , which is defined by the formula: [ 1 ]
A function that is absolutely monotonic on [,) can be extended to a function that is not only analytic on the real line but is even the restriction of an entire function to the real line. The big Bernshtein theorem : A function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} that is absolutely monotonic on ( − ∞ , 0 ] {\displaystyle (-\infty ,0]} can be ...
A graph is commonly used to give an intuitive picture of a function. As an example of how a graph helps to understand a function, it is easy to see from its graph whether a function is increasing or decreasing. Some functions may also be represented by bar charts.
Functions of the form ae x for constant a are the only functions that are equal to their derivative (by the Picard–Lindelöf theorem). Other ways of saying the same thing include: The slope of the graph at any point is the height of the function at that point. The rate of increase of the function at x is equal to the value of the function at x.
Equivalently, a function is convex if its epigraph (the set of points on or above the graph of the function) is a convex set. In simple terms, a convex function graph is shaped like a cup (or a straight line like a linear function), while a concave function's graph is shaped like a cap .