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The Baltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively or as a second language by a population of about 6.5–7.0 million people [1] [2] mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Europe.
[14] [4] [15] There is a general consensus that the Baltic languages can be divided into East Baltic (Lithuanian, Latvian) and West Baltic (Old Prussian). The internal diversity of Baltic points at a much greater time-depth for the breakup of the Baltic languages in comparison to the Slavic languages. [3] [16] "Traditional" Balto-Slavic tree model
Baltic languages. Latvian, 1.75 million speakers (2015) Latgalian, 200 000 speakers (2009) [a] Lithuanian, 3 million speakers (2012) West Slavic languages. Polish, 55 ...
The East Baltic languages are less archaic than their Western counterparts, with Latvian being the most innovative Baltic language. Certain linguistic features of East Baltic languages are usually explained by contacts with their Baltic Finnic neighbours. It is believed that stress retraction in Latvian is a consequence of their influence.
A color-coded map of most languages used throughout Europe. There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. [1] [2] Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language.
Contemporary Baltic languages are all from the same group: Eastern Baltic Baltic languages (extinct languages shown in stripes). Slavic languages in Europe . Areas where languages overlap are shown in stripes. Russian Language – Map of all the areas where the Russian language is the language spoken
According to some glottochronological speculations, the East Baltic languages split from West Baltic (or, perhaps, from the hypothetical proto-Baltic language) between 400 and 600 CE. [15] The differentiation between Lithuanian and Latvian started after 800 CE. At a minimum, transitional dialects existed until the 14th century or 15th century ...
The Finnic languages are located at the western end of the Uralic language family. A close affinity to their northern neighbors, the Sámi languages, has long been assumed, though many of the similarities (particularly lexical ones) can be shown to result from common influence from Germanic languages and, to a lesser extent, Baltic languages.