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Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place, or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems. Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections (especially with a view to predicting future results).
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations.
The article been political party funding, the challenges it faces and the reform initiatives that have been undertaken over the years to contain the political corruption that has invaded Indian democracy. N. Ram concludes succinctly in his book: [22] There is no such thing as political corruption as a self-contained category.
Political party Seats Percentage of votes Political party Seats Percentage of votes Political party Seats Percentage of votes 1st : 489 Indian National Congress: 364 44.99% Communist Party of India: 16 3.29% Socialist Party: 12 10.59% 2nd : 494 Indian National Congress: 371 47.78% Communist Party of India: 27 8.92% Praja Socialist Party: 19 10.41%
Calling this a political hunt and misuse of state police machinery, the TDP countered that ruling YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) led by Chief Minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy had obtained a total of ₹99.84 crore in electoral bonds during the fiscal year 2018-19, ₹74.35 crore in 2019-20, ₹96.25 crore in 2020-21, and ₹60 crore in 2021-22 but ...
Political funding in India is a major concern under need for electoral reforms in India. The financing of the world's most extensive electoral process remains a perplexing issue, as the involvement of businesses in supporting both disclosed and undisclosed expenditures during elections has been a matter of public knowledge for a considerable period.
India is the 19th most electoral democratic country in Asia in 2023 with a score of 0.399 out of 1 according to V-Dem Institute based in Sweden. [4] According to V-Dem Institute, laws on sedition, defamation, and counterterrorism are used to silence critics, [5] and describes India as "one of the worst autocratisers in the last 10 years". [6]
Electoralism is a term first used by Terry Karl, professor of political science at Stanford University, to describe a "half-way" transition from authoritarian rule toward democratic rule. As a topic in the dominant party system political science literature, electoralism describes a situation in which the transition out of hard-authoritarian ...