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Innovation economics is a growing field of economic theory and applied/experimental economics that emphasizes innovation and entrepreneurship. It comprises both the application of any type of innovations, especially technological but not only, into economic use.
Others disagree that numerous entrepreneurs are generating low-capacity companies helping regional markets. [13] Business cluster – A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Early research was done in this context by Benjamin Chinitz in 1961.
Indeed, as innovation is increasingly based on scientific knowledge, the role of universities as creators of knowledge is more valued. [17] As a result, he argues that university, industry and government are more equal, [5] and that no particular element is necessarily the driving force of the triple helix model of innovation.
Oslo manual: guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data. The measurement of scientific and technological activities (3rd ed.). Paris: OECD. 2005. ISBN 978-92-64-01308-7. Paul, B. (2007). "Entrepreneurship and Innovation Opportunity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship". In Paul, B. (ed.). Entrepreneurship and Small Business.
It has been argued that knowledge entrepreneurship is a suitable form of entrepreneurship for not-for-profit educators, researchers, and educational institutions. While generating economic value is important, knowledge entrepreneurship often seeks to address social issues and contribute to positive societal change. [2]
A knowledge economy emphasizes the importance of skills in a service economy, the third phase of economic development also called a post-industrial economy. It is related to an information economy , which emphasizes the importance of information as non-physical capital, and a digital economy , which emphasizes the degree to which information ...
Baumol has argued that entrepreneurship can be either productive or unproductive. [15] Unproductive entrepreneurs may pursue economic rents or crime. Societies differ significantly in how they allocate entrepreneurial activities between the two forms of entrepreneurship, depending on the 'rules of the game' such as the laws in each society.
In business and in economics, innovation can provide a catalyst for growth when entrepreneurs continuously search for better ways to satisfy their consumer base with improved quality, durability, service and price - searches which may come to fruition in innovation with advanced technologies and organizational strategies. [42]