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Bainite is a plate-like microstructure that forms in steels at temperatures of 125–550 °C (depending on alloy content). [1] First described by E. S. Davenport and Edgar Bain, [2] [3] it is one of the products that may form when austenite (the face-centered cubic crystal structure of iron) is cooled past a temperature where it is no longer thermodynamically stable with respect to ferrite ...
Lower bainite is a needle-like structure, produced at temperatures below 350 °C, and is stronger but much more brittle. [15] In either case, austempering produces greater strength and toughness for a given hardness, which is determined mostly by composition rather than cooling speed, and reduced internal stresses which could lead to breakage.
Cementite (or iron carbide) is a compound of iron and carbon, more precisely an intermediate transition metal carbide with the formula Fe 3 C. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron.
As a result of the transformation, the microconstituents, pearlite and bainite, form; pearlite forms at higher temperatures and bainite at lower. TTT diagram of isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel; showing the main components obtained when cooling the steel and its relation with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels.
A hypereutectoid steel contains more than 0.77% carbon. When slowly cooling hypereutectoid steel, the cementite will begin to crystallize first. When the remaining steel becomes eutectoid in composition, it will crystallize into pearlite. Since cementite is much harder than pearlite, the alloy has greater hardenability at a cost in ductility ...
It might seem like a simple question. But the science behind a blue sky isn't that easy. For starters, it involves something called the Rayleigh effect, or Rayleigh scattering. But that same ...
De'Aaron Fox #5 of the Sacramento Kings looks on against the Philadelphia 76ers on January 01, 2025. (Photo by Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images) ((Photo by Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images))
There are a wide range of Dutch ovens out there today, and they vary in size, material, and price. To help you find the best option to add to your kitchen, we spent months testing a total of 10 ...