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Sulfonylureas are divided into 3 classes on basis of therapeutic efficiency of their antidiabetic action: First-generation drugs: They include acetohexamide , carbutamide , chlorpropamide , glycyclamide (tolcyclamide), metahexamide , tolazamide and tolbutamide .
Sulfonylureas bind strongly to plasma proteins. Sulfonylureas are useful only in type 2 diabetes, as they work by stimulating endogenous release of insulin. They work best with patients over 40 years old who have had diabetes mellitus for under ten years. They cannot be used with type 1 diabetes, or diabetes of pregnancy.
Acetohexamide (trade name Dymelor) is a first-generation sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2, ... Mechanism of action
Glimepiride is an antidiabetic medication within the sulfonylurea class, primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is regarded as a second-line option compared to metformin, due to metformin's well-established safety and efficacy. [1]
In molecular biology, the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) are membrane proteins which are the molecular targets of the sulfonylurea class of antidiabetic drugs whose mechanism of action is to promote insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
Gliclazide, sold under the brand name Diamicron among others, is a sulfonylurea type of anti-diabetic medication, used to treat type 2 diabetes. [7] It is used when dietary changes, exercise, and weight loss are not enough. [4] It is taken by mouth. [7] Side effect may include low blood sugar, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, and liver problems.
Chlorpropamide and other sulfonylureas encourage weight gain, so they are generally not favored for use in very obese patients. Metformin (Glucophage) is considered a better drug for these patients. Sulfonylureas should be used with caution or generally avoided in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, patients with porphyria , patients ...
The sulfonylureas and thiazide diuretics are newer drug groups based upon the antibacterial sulfonamides. [1] [2] Allergies to sulfonamides are common. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to sulfa antibiotics is approximately 3%, close to penicillin; [3] hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully.