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In AD 385, Pacian of Barcelona, in his Sermon Exhorting to Penance, [a] gives contempt of God, murder, and fornication as examples of "mortal" or "capital sins". [11] In AD 393, St. Jerome writes: [11] [12] There are venial sins and there are mortal sins. It is one thing to owe ten thousand talents, another to owe but a farthing.
According to Catholicism, a venial sin is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. [1] [2] [3] A venial sin consists in acting as one should not, without the actual incompatibility with the state of grace that a mortal sin implies; they do not break one's friendship with God, but injure it.
Hieronymus Bosch's The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things. Catholic hamartiology is a branch of Catholic thought that studies sin.According to the Catholic Church, sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire," [1] caused by concupiscence, [2] that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience. [3]
Sin is made venial in two ways: The sin is not seriously wrong. The sin is seriously wrong, but the sinner honestly believes that it is only slightly wrong, or does not give full consent. A venial sin weakens our power to resist mortal sin, and a venial sin makes us deserving of God’s punishments in this life or in purgatory.
Both mortal and venial sins have a dual nature of punishment. They incur both guilt for the sin, yielding eternal punishment in the case of mortal sins and temporal punishment for the sin in the case of both venial and mortal sins. Reconciliation is an act of God's mercy, and addresses the guilt and eternal punishment for sin.
The seven deadly sins (also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins) function as a grouping classification of major vices within the teachings of Christianity. [1] According to the standard list, the seven deadly sins in Roman Catholic Church are pride , greed , wrath , envy , lust , gluttony , and sloth .
[68] [71] Direct and intentional killing of an innocent human is considered a mortal sin. [68] Considered by the Church to be of an even greater gravity is the murder of family members, including " infanticide , fratricide , parricide , the murder of a spouse and procured abortion."
Venial sin, while not depriving the sinner of friendship with God or the eternal happiness of heaven, [43] "weakens charity, manifests a disordered affection for created goods, and impedes the soul's progress in the exercise of the virtues and the practice of the moral good; it merits temporal punishment", [43] for "every sin, even venial ...