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  2. Thing-in-itself - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing-in-itself

    In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [1]

  3. Transcendental idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_idealism

    On such a reading, Kant would himself commit the very fallacies he attributes to the transcendental realists. On Allison's reading, Kant's view is better characterized as a two-aspect theory, where noumena and phenomena refer to complementary ways of considering an object.

  4. Kantian ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantian_ethics

    Kant distinguished between the phenomena world, which can be sensed and experienced by humans, and the noumena, or spiritual world, which is inaccessible to humans. This dichotomy was necessary for Kant because it could explain the autonomy of a human agent: although a human is bound in the phenomenal world, their actions are free in the ...

  5. Bracketing (phenomenology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracketing_(phenomenology)

    Though it was formally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology can be understood as an outgrowth of the influential ideas of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). ). Attempting to resolve some of the key intellectual debates of his era, Kant argued that Noumena (fundamentally unknowable things-in-themselves) must be distinguished from Phenomena (the world as it appears to the mind

  6. On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Benevolent Motives

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_a_Supposed_Right_to...

    Images of Kant and Constant. "On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Benevolent Motives" (sometimes translated On a Supposed Right to Lie because of Philanthropic Concerns) (German: Über ein vermeintes Recht aus Menschenliebe zu lügen) is a 1797 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant in which the author discusses radical honesty.

  7. Kant's antinomies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant's_antinomies

    Kant's antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.

  8. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

    Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.

  9. Noumenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noumenon

    In philosophy, a noumenon (/ ˈ n uː m ə n ɒ n /, / ˈ n aʊ-/; from Ancient Greek: νοούμενoν; pl.: noumena) is knowledge [1] posited as an object that exists independently of human sense. [2] The term noumenon is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to any object of the senses.