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Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Identified in 1986, [1] [2] activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.
FSH has a beta subunit of 111 amino acids (FSH β), which confers its specific biologic action, and is responsible for interaction with the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. [6] The sugar portion of the hormone is covalently bonded to asparagine , and is composed of N-acetylgalactosamine , mannose , N-acetylglucosamine , galactose , and ...
Furthermore, the beta A subunit forms a homodimer, activin A, and also joins with a beta B subunit to form a heterodimer, activin AB, both of which stimulate FSH secretion. Finally, it has been shown that the beta A subunit mRNA is identical to the erythroid differentiation factor subunit mRNA and that only one gene for this mRNA exists in the ...
3625 16324 Ensembl ENSG00000163083 ENSMUSG00000037035 UniProt P09529 Q04999 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002193 NM_008381 RefSeq (protein) NP_002184 NP_032407 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 120.35 – 120.35 Mb Chr 1: 119.34 – 119.35 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Inhibin, beta B, also known as INHBB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INHBB gene. INHBB is a subunit of ...
Follistatin inhibits Activin, which it binds. It directly affects follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Follistatin also is implicated in prostate cancers where mutations in its gene may preventing it from acting on activin which has anti-proliferative properties. [11]
HPG regulation in males, with the inhibin/activin system playing a similar role on GnRH-producing cells. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and secretes GnRH. [1] GnRH travels down the anterior portion of the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system and binds to receptors on the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. [2]
FSH, luteinizing hormone. thyroid-stimulating hormone , and hCG are all known to affect Sertoli cell development and male reproductive health. FSH is required for Sertoli cell mitogen, which stimulates the expression of various cell markers.