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In humans, the SRY gene is located on short (p) arm of the Y chromosome at position 11.2. Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placentals and marsupials). [5]
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex.
Once the SRY gene is activated, cells create testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone which typically ensures the development of a single, male reproductive system. [9] In typical XX embryos, cells secrete estrogen, which drives the body toward the female pathway. In Y-centered sex determination, the SRY gene is the main gene in determining ...
Hairy ears are an example of a gene once thought to be Y-linked in humans; however, that hypothesis was discredited. [5] Due to advancements in DNA sequencing, Y linkage is getting easier to determine and prove. The Y-chromosome has been entirely mapped, [7] revealing many Y-linked traits. [8]
SOX genes (SRY-related HMG-box genes) encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box (for high mobility group). This HMG box is a DNA binding domain that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic species.
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Sox2 has a critical role in maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells .
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
Gene mapping or genome mapping describes the methods used to identify the location of a gene on a chromosome and the distances between genes. [2] [3] Gene mapping can also describe the distances between different sites within a gene. The essence of all genome mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions ...