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Several Parallel ATA hard disk drives. Parallel ATA, originally IDE and then standardized under the name AT Attachment (ATA), with the alias P-ATA or PATA retroactively added upon introduction of the new variant Serial ATA. The original name (circa 1986) reflected the integration of the controller with the hard drive itself.
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers. It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives.
The Wren II was the first drive to use the ATA-IDE interface, and the first to use the 40 pin ATA connector, introduced on Compaq 386 systems at COMDEX in 1986. [ 1 ] Wren was a major brand during the 1980s, especially in the high-end market where its 5,400 RPM voice-coil–based technology gave them a performance edge.
Hence, its protocol is usually ATA (a.k.a. PATA), SATA, SCSI, FC or SAS. The front-end interface communicates with a computer's host adapter (HBA, Host Bus Adapter) and uses: one of ATA, SATA, SCSI, FC; these are popular protocols used by disks, so by using one of them a controller may transparently emulate a disk for a computer.
Guidance Software's EnCase comes with a Linux-based tool that images hard drives called LinEn. LinEn 6.01 was validated by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in October 2008, and they found that "The tool does not remove either Host Protected Areas (HPAs) or DCOs. However, the Linux test environment automatically removed the HPA on the ...
The IDENTIFY DEVICE command queries a particular register on the IDE controller to establish the size of a drive. This register however can be changed using the SET MAX ADDRESS ATA command. If the value in the register is set to less than the actual hard drive size then effectively a host protected area is created.