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1-Aminopentane is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 4 NH 2. It is used as a solvent , as a raw material in the manufacture of a variety of other compounds, including dyes, emulsifiers , and pharmaceutical products, [ 1 ] and as a flavoring agent .
The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five- carbon sugars ) as well as ribose 5-phosphate , a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides . [ 1 ]
One exception is phosphorus, for which the most stable form at 1 bar is black phosphorus, but white phosphorus is chosen as the standard reference state for zero enthalpy of formation. [2] For example, the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide is the enthalpy of the following reaction under the above conditions:
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Isotopic labeling experiments have confirmed that this reaction proceeds through a glucose 1,6-bisphosphate intermediate. [2] The first step in the forward reaction is the transfer of a phosphoryl group from the enzyme to glucose 1-phosphate, forming glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and leaving a dephosphorylated form of the enzyme. [2]
The enzyme glucose-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.10) catalyzes the reaction α-D-glucose 1-phosphate + H 2 O D-glucose + phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is α-D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase.
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
Again, the same reaction occurs in the Calvin cycle but in the opposite direction. Moreover, in the Calvin cycle, this is the first reaction catalyzed by transketolase rather than the second. Transketolase connects the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis, feeding excess sugar phosphates into the main carbohydrate metabolic pathways in mammals.