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Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks , it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space . [ 5 ]
Bupivacaine injection treatment, in contrast, directly increases muscle strength and reduces length. Strabismus surgery requires an operating room, anesthetist, and other personnel, whereas bupivacaine injection in cooperative adults is an office procedure taking only a few minutes.
Bupivacaine injection is therefore being investigated as a further possibility of treating strabismus. In some interventions bupivacaine has been used alone. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] In others, a botulinum toxin injection into an extraocular muscle is accompanied by a bupivacaine injection into the antagonist muscle.
Following a negative aspiration for blood, 2–4 mLs of local anesthetic solution is injected and the needle is withdrawn. 2% Lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 0.5% to 0.75% bupivicaine (Marcaine) are two commonly used agents. Epinephrine, commonly mixed in with local anesthetics for vasoconstriction, is not used in seeing eyes as this can cause a ...
A mixture of 1 part 2% lidocaine with 3 parts 0.5% bupivacaine provides 0.5% lidocaine and 0.375% bupivacaine. This has the advantages of immediate anesthesia with lidocaine during injection to minimize injection pain while providing a longer duration of action with a lowered concentration of bupivacaine. [citation needed]
bupivacaine: Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine 1957 (Ekenstam) 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) Amide Moderate butacaine: ester- aminobenzoic butanilicaine: Amide chloroprocaine: Nesacaine Ester - Aminobenzoic cinchocaine (INN) dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine 1925 (Meischer) 1930 (Uhlmann) Ester - Aminobenzoic ...
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
Levobupivacaine, the S(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine has been developed as an alternative to the racemic mixture, as it has been shown to have a lower cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine. Under European Union advice, it can be applied for minor and major surgical anaesthesia , as well as (post-operative) pain management . [ 7 ]