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"Accountability" derives from the late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to calculate), which in turn is derived from putare (to reckon). [6] While the word itself does not appear in English until its use in 13th century Norman England, [7] the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record-keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems ...
Accountability and transparency are of high relevance for non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In view of their responsibilities to stakeholders, including donors, sponsors, programme beneficiaries, staff, states and the public, they are considered to be of even greater importance to them than to commercial undertakings. [ 9 ]
The concept of transparency has contributed to create convergences between open science and other open movements in different areas such as open data or open government. In 2015, the OECD describe transparency as a common "rationale for open science and open data".
The Association for Computing Machinery Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT) was established in 2018 to study transparency and explainability in the context of socio-technical systems, many of which include artificial intelligence. [82] [83]
The phrases "algorithmic transparency" and "algorithmic accountability" [2] are sometimes used interchangeably – especially since they were coined by the same people – but they have subtly different meanings. Specifically, "algorithmic transparency" states that the inputs to the algorithm and the algorithm's use itself must be known, but ...
Transparency with accountability has proven to be more effective as a trustworthy relationship can be built between government agencies and people governed by them. [61] The argument with or without transparency was mentioned previously and highlights major issues such as losing governmental trust or privacy issues with accountability.
One of GIFT's first actions was the development of a new set of High Level Principles of Fiscal Transparency, Participation and Accountability, designed to sit above the existing set of international standards and norms, to promote increased coherence across those standards, and to promote the development of new norms where there are gaps.
The unique nature of the credit crisis and the unprecedented response by governments around the world has reinforced the importance of high-quality standards for financial reporting by governments. The credit crisis has increased the need for accountability in the public sector and for transparency in its financial dealings.