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The related system call fsync() commits just the buffered data relating to a specified file descriptor. [1] fdatasync() is also available to write out just the changes made to the data in the file, and not necessarily the file's related metadata. [2] Some Unix systems run a kind of flush or update daemon, which calls the sync function on a ...
The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file [1] in Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users.
Usually, passwords are not tried one-by-one against a system's secure server online; instead, a hacker might manage to gain access to a shadowed password file protected by a one-way encryption algorithm. They would then test each entry in a file like this to see whether its encrypted form matches what the server has on record.