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According to mainstream Ukrainian historiography, the western Ukrainian nobility developed out of a mixture of three groups of people: poor Rus' boyars (East Slavic aristocrats from the medieval era), descendants of princely retainers or druzhina (free soldiers in the service of the Rus' princes), and peasants who had been free during the times of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. [5]
Eastern Galicia, with the ethnic composition of about two thirds Ukrainians and one third Poles, [nb 2] [5] east of the Curzon line, was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic after Austria-Hungary's collapse and the defeat of the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. [1]
The recreated Polish state covered large territories inhabited by Ukrainians, while the Ukrainian movement failed to achieve independence. According to the Polish census of 1931, in Eastern Galicia, the Ukrainian language was spoken by 52% of the inhabitants, Polish by 40% and Yiddish by 7%.
In total, the Germans enlisted 250,000 native Ukrainians for duty in five separate formations including the Nationalist Military Detachments (VVN), the Brotherhoods of Ukrainian Nationalists (DUN), the SS Division Galicia, the Ukrainian Liberation Army (UVV) and the Ukrainian National Army (Ukrainische Nationalarmee, UNA).
The Ukrainians of the former eastern Galicia and the neighbouring province of Volhynia made up about 15% of the Second Polish Republic's population, and were its numerically largest minority. Poland's annexation of Eastern Galicia, never accepted as legitimate by most Ukrainians, was internationally recognized in 1923.
Estimates of casualties, Poles killed by Ukrainians Author Volhynia Galicia VOL+GAL E. Poland V+G+EP Quotes / Sources / Notes Timothy Snyder: 50k — — — "Ukrainian partisans killed about fifty thousand Volhynian Poles and forced tens of thousands more to flee in 1943." [1] Timothy Snyder >40k: 10k — — — >40k in July '43, 10k is in ...
Galicia, also known by its variant name Galizia [2] (/ ɡ ə ˈ l ɪ ʃ (i) ə / gə-LISH-(ee-)ə; [3] Polish: Galicja, IPA: [ɡaˈlit͡sja] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Галичина, romanized: Halychyna, IPA: [ɦɐlɪtʃɪˈnɑ]; Yiddish: גאַליציע, romanized: Galitsye; see below), is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of ...
The name Galicia, or Halychyna in Ukrainian, is derived from the city of Halych (Latin Galic) [citation needed] which was the first capital of the Galician principality. The name Halych in turn derives from the Ukrainian word halka which means "female crow", which is reflected by the crow at the center of the city's early modern coat of arms. [2]