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  2. Potassium cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_cycle

    The hydrosphere is the largest reservoir for potassium, holding an estimated 552.7 x 10 12 tonnes (552.7x10 6 Tg). [2] Leaching and erosion carry 1.4 x 10 9 tonnes (1400 Tg) yr −1 of potassium in soil solution into groundwater, rivers, and oceans. [2] Some potassium in the atmosphere also enters the hydrosphere through precipitation.

  3. Hydrosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere

    The hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') [1] [2] is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, [3] [4] it continues to

  4. Earth science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science

    Hydrology is the study of the hydrosphere and the movement of water on Earth. It emphasizes the study of how humans use and interact with freshwater supplies. Study of water's movement is closely related to geomorphology and other branches of Earth science. Applied hydrology involves engineering to maintain aquatic environments and distribute ...

  5. Climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system

    The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  6. Biogeochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry

    Agricultural interest in 18th-century soil chemistry led to better understanding of nutrients and their connection to biochemical processes. This relationship between the cycles of organic life and their chemical products was further expanded upon by Dumas and Boussingault in a 1844 paper that is considered an important milestone in the development of biogeochemistry.

  7. Earth system science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science

    They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [28]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  8. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    A pH of 3.5 has one million times more hydronium ions per litre than a solution with pH of 9.5 (9.5 − 3.5 = 6 or 10 6) and is more acidic. [ 115 ] The effect of pH on a soil is to remove from the soil or to make available certain ions.

  9. Pedosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere

    The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life ...