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  2. Hydrosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere

    The hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') [1] [2] is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, [3] [4] it continues to

  3. Earth science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science

    Hydrology is the study of the hydrosphere and the movement of water on Earth. It emphasizes the study of how humans use and interact with freshwater supplies. Study of water's movement is closely related to geomorphology and other branches of Earth science. Applied hydrology involves engineering to maintain aquatic environments and distribute ...

  4. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 2 O.It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, [c] and nearly colorless chemical substance.It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent [20]).

  5. Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

    Earth's hydrosphere is the sum of Earth's water and its distribution. Most of Earth's hydrosphere consists of Earth's global ocean. Earth's hydrosphere also consists of water in the atmosphere and on land, including clouds, inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters.

  6. Biogeochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry

    Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).

  7. Climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system

    The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  8. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    Fundamental laws of physics explain how the saturation vapor pressure in the atmosphere increases by 7% when temperature rises by 1 °C. [25] This relationship is known as the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The strength of the water cycle and its changes over time are of considerable interest, especially as the climate changes. [26]

  9. Outline of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_water

    Hydrosphere – Total amount of water on a planet Hydrology – Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth Water distribution on Earth – Overview of the distribution of water on planet Earth; Water cycle – Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth; Groundwater – Water located beneath the ground surface