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Carol Dweck identified two different mindsets regarding intelligence beliefs. The entity theory of intelligence refers to an individual's belief that abilities are fixed traits. [4] For entity theorists, if perceived ability to perform a task is high, the perceived possibility for mastery is also high.
According to Dweck, individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their implicit views of where ability comes from; those believing their success to be based on innate ability are said to have a "fixed" theory of intelligence (fixed mindset), and those believing their success is based on hard work, learning, training and doggedness are ...
Children who hold this theory are more likely to develop a love for learning rather than for achievement. [citation needed] Parents who praise the child's effort at a task rather than the result are more likely to instill this incremental theory of intelligence in their children and thus to improve their intelligence. [6]
According to Carol Dweck, individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their views about where ability originates, from a fixed to a growth mindset. An individual's mindset affects the "motivation to practice and learn". [33] People with a fixed mindset believe that "intelligence is static", and little can be done to improve ability. [34]
Although Dweck's work in this area built on the foundation laid by Nicholls, the fundamental difference between the two scholars' works is the attribution of an individual's goal orientation: Nicholls believed that the goal orientation held by an individual was a result of the possession of either an internal or external referent [definition ...
CHC is actually an amalgam of Cattell-Horn Gf-Gc theory and Carroll's three-tier model. [33] proposed a framework with the broadest level a general intelligence factor conceptually similar to Spearman's g. This general factor was divided into eight narrower abilities, each consisting of narrow factors.
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. American psychologist (born 1949) Robert J. Sternberg Robert J. Sternberg in 2011 Born (1949-12-08) December 8, 1949 (age 75) Newark, New Jersey, U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Yale University (BA) Stanford University (PhD) Known for Triarchic theory of intelligence Triangular ...