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Shoulder dystocia occurs after vaginal delivery of the head, when the baby's anterior shoulder is obstructed by the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] It is typically diagnosed when the baby's shoulders fails to deliver despite gentle downward traction on the baby's head, requiring the need of special techniques to safely deliver the baby. [2]
The Zavanelli maneuver is an obstetric maneuver that involves pushing back the delivered fetal head into the birth canal in anticipation of performing a cesarean section in cases of shoulder dystocia. [1] [2] The Zavanelli maneuver is performed only after other maneuvers have failed, as it is associated with high risk to both the mother and the ...
McRoberts maneuver (1) in combination with suprapubic pressure (2) The McRoberts maneuver is an obstetrical maneuver used to assist in childbirth.It is named after William A. McRoberts, Jr. [1] It is employed in case of shoulder dystocia during childbirth and involves hyperflexing the mother's legs tightly to her abdomen.
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [ 1 ]
Wood's screw maneuver is practiced in obstetrics when dealing with shoulder dystocia – a condition in which the fetal shoulders cannot easily pass through the vagina.In this maneuver the anterior shoulder is pushed towards the baby's chest, and the posterior shoulder is pushed towards the baby's back, [1] making the baby's head somewhat face the mother's rectum.
Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.
Treatment primarily consists of intrauterine resuscitation, the goal of which is to restore oxygenation of the fetus. [6] This can involve improving the position, hydration, and oxygenation of the mother, as well as amnioinfusion to restore sufficient amniotic fluid, delaying preterm labor contractions with tocolysis , and correction of fetal ...
Obstetric injuries may occur from mechanical injury involving shoulder dystocia during difficult childbirth, [5] with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 births. [6] "The brachial plexus may be injured by falls from a height on to the side of the head and shoulder, whereby the nerves of the plexus are violently stretched.