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Humus is different from decomposing soil organic matter. The latter looks rough and has visible remains of the original plant or animal matter. Fully humified humus, on the contrary, has a uniformly dark, spongy, and jelly-like appearance, and is amorphous; it may gradually decay over several years or persist for millennia. [14]
The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Latin word humus, meaning "soil, earth". [1] Humic substances represent the major part of organic matter in soil , peat , coal , and sediments , and are important components of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in lakes (especially dystrophic lakes ), rivers, and sea water .
The formation of mull humus form results from various factors, including regional climate, parent rock, vegetation, and soil organism. [3] Mull order presents in deciduous forests, and the development is often associated with a mild climate in terms of warm temperature and moderate precipitation, also rich soil parent materials. [4]
Soil consists of both mineral (inorganic) and organic components. The organic components can be subdivided into fractions that are soluble, largely humic acids, and insoluble, the humins.
The humus layer is composed of fully decomposed plant material. Because of the slow and incomplete process of fungal decomposition, the humus layer is very thin. There is very little blending of material between the humus layer and the mineral soil below resulting in the absence of organic matter in the top mineral soil horizon.
Moder humus form may include only the Ah horizon or ectorganic horizons below end- organic horizons. [2] Fine humus elements have permeated the mineral soil on this horizon. Although soil animals may carry organic matter into the upper region of this horizon, this will only happen over a short distance. [2]
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In freshwater bodies organic material from plants can form a silt known as mulm or humus on the bottom. This material, some called undissolved organic carbon breaks down into dissolved organic carbon and can bond to heavy metal ions via chelation. It can also break down into colored dissolved organic matter such as tannin, a specific form of ...