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The term 'butcher block' can also refer to the pattern or style of a traditional block adapted to other functions, such as table tops and cutting boards. [3] There are two basic styles of butcher block: end grain and edge grain. [1] Besides maple, popular contemporary woods include teak, birch, or walnut, sometimes in alternating patterns.
The AWI defines "rift sawing" as a technique of cutting boards from logs so the grain is between 30–60° to the face of the board, with 45 degrees being "optimum". [2] In Understanding Wood , Hoadley describes "rift grain" as occurring at an angle between 45–90° to the surface, and describes the AWI definition as "bastard sawn".
That results is boards with the growth rings mostly perpendicular to the faces. Quarter sawing yields boards with straight striped grain lines, greater stability than flatsawn wood, and a distinctive ray and fleck figure. It also yields narrower boards, because the log is first quartered, which is more wasteful.
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Two cuts on each flitch trim the bark from the sides, and reduces it to a standard board width with squared edges. Two more cuts at each end set the length. Lumber can be quickly flat-cut with a side-by-side set of mechanical saws. [3] A slower but sturdier method involves passing the log back and forth over a single saw.
Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers [1] or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. [2] R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that grain is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g., straight grain, spiral grain), surface appearance or figure, growth-ring placement (e.g., vertical grain), plane of the cut (e.g ...