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The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; Turkish: Jön Türk Devrimi) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire.Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Constitution, recall the parliament, and schedule an election.
Declaration of the Young Turk Revolution by the leaders of the Ottoman millets. The Ottoman Empire had long been the "sick man of Europe" and after a series of Balkan wars by 1914 had been driven out of nearly all of Europe and North Africa. It still controlled 28 million people, of whom 17 million were in modern-day Turkey, 3 million in Syria ...
The revolution was spontaneous, and was sparked by a summit in July 1908 in Reval, Russia (modern Tallinn, Estonia) between King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and the emperor Nicholas II of Russia. Popular rumour within the Ottoman Empire had it that during the summit a secret Anglo-Russian agreement was signed to partition the Ottoman Empire.
During the 623-year existence of the Ottoman Empire, there were rebellions. Some of these rebellions were in fact interregnum (such as Cem’s rebellion). Some were national uprisings (such as Greek War of Independence). In the list below only those rebellions confined to Turkey, the heartland of Ottoman Empire are shown
Macedonian Revolution of 1854 Ottoman Empire Supported By: France Britain: Greek Revolutionaries Supported By: Greece: Victory: 1858 Battle of Grahovac Ottoman Empire Montenegro: Defeat: 1861–1862 Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–62) Ottoman Empire Montenegro: Victory. Convention of Scutari; 1862 First Zeitun Resistance: Ottoman Empire ...
The Young Turk revolution resulted in the loss of the Ottoman province of Bosnia-Herzegovina to Austria-Hungary, which at any rate had militarily occupied the region since 1878. Moreover, the tributary Principality of Bulgaria declared independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Throughout Ottoman history, there were many instances in which local governors acted independently, and even in opposition to the ruler. After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, the Ottoman state became a constitutional monarchy. The sultan no longer had executive powers. A parliament was formed, with representatives chosen from the provinces.