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A mechanically driven supercharger offers exceptional response and low-rpm performance, as it does not rely on pressurization of the exhaust manifold (assuming that it is a positive-displacement design, such as a Roots-type or twin-screw, as opposed to a centrifugal supercharger, which does not provide substantial boost in the lower rpm range), but is less efficient than a turbocharger due to ...
If the aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the ...
It was produced exclusively for the Toyota Starlet GT Turbo (Japan Only) and its successor, the Toyota Glanza V (Japan only). However the 4E-FTE was a very popular conversion engine by enthusiasts for many small Toyota cars such as the Corolla, Tercel, Paseo and Sera which it fit into with standard Toyota parts.
The second generation had a higher profile cam design in the head, a cam cover with ribs throughout its length, and fuel injectors in the intake manifold runners. Mechanically, the late-model engines received MAP load sensing and redesigned pistons, intake ports, and intake manifold. The second generation engine was produced from 1992–1998 ...
An external wastegate requires a specially constructed turbo manifold with a dedicated runner going to the wastegate. The external wastegate may be part of the exhaust housing itself. External wastegates are commonly used for regulating boost levels more precisely than internal wastegates in high power applications, where high boost levels can ...
The Turbo-Air 6 is a flat-six engine that is primarily air-cooled. The engine's major components include an aluminum crankcase, two three-cylinder aluminum cylinder heads with integral intake manifolds, and six individual iron cylinder barrels. The #1 cylinder is at the right rear with cylinders 1, 3, and 5 on the right, while #2 is the left ...
Since it was bought by the American group, in addition to the engines manufactured using its own technology and know-how, it has produced two models denominated "NGD", New Generation Diesel, under the brand of "MWM-International". One being a 4-cylinder 3.0 L turbo diesel, featuring piezoelectric common rail direct injection. [17]
In 2012, a "Technical Update" was applied to the N63, resulting in the N63TU variants (also known as N63B44O1).The main upgrade was the addition of Valvetronic. [11] [12] Other changes include revised turbochargers, removal of the blowoff valve, lighter pistons, forged connecting rods and crankshaft, addition of a valve cover labyrinth oil catch/return system, new valve stem seals, revised ...