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Slavery in Georgia is known to have been practiced by European colonists. During the colonial era, the practice of slavery in Georgia soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery. The colony of the Province of Georgia under James Oglethorpe banned slavery in 1735, the only one of the thirteen colonies to have done so.
At the beginning of Reconstruction, Georgia had over 460,000 freedmen. [1] In January 1865, in Savannah, William T. Sherman issued Special Field Orders, No. 15, authorizing federal authorities to confiscate abandoned plantation lands in the Sea Islands, whose owners had fled with the advance of his army, and redistribute them to former slaves.
Plantation owners brought a mass of slaves from Africa and the Caribbean and Mexico to farm the fields during cotton harvests. [1] Black women and children were also enslaved in the industry. [2] The growth of Slavery in the United States is closely tied to the expansion of plantation agriculture
The colonies developed prosperous economies based on the cultivation of cash crops, such as tobacco, [3] indigo, [4] and rice. [5] An effect of the cultivation of these crops was the presence of slavery in significantly higher proportions than in other parts of British America.
In the 18th century, the Atlantic slave trade brought enslaved Africans to the South during the colonial period as a source of labor for the harvesting of crops. There were almost 700,000 enslaved persons in the U.S. in 1790, which was approximately 18 percent of the total population or roughly one in six people.
Although Congress had banned the slave trade in 1808, Georgia's slave population continued to grow with the importation of slaves from the plantations of the South Carolina Lowcountry and Chesapeake Tidewater, increasing from 149,656 in 1820 to 280,944 in 1840. [33] A small population of free blacks developed, mostly working as artisans.
The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South (Vintage, 1967) Jewett, Clayton E., and John O. Allen. Slavery in the South: A State-By-State History (Greenwood Press, 2004) Kulikoff, Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680–1800 (U of North Carolina Press ...
Slaves brought their African knowledge which aided the development of rice and indigo growing. The diversifying of agriculture was key to avoid economic slumps that could have resulted from the fluctuating tobacco prices. The slaves also completed the trading process known as Triangle trade. The south and Chesapeake's point of the triangle ...