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In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph.Examples are the characters æ and œ used in English and French, in which the letters a and e are joined for the first ligature and the letters o and e are joined for the second ligature.
Complex text layout (CTL) or complex text rendering is the typesetting of writing systems in which the shape or positioning of a grapheme depends on its relation to other graphemes. The term is used in the field of software internationalization , where each grapheme is a character .
The source of the word kern is from the French word carne, meaning "projecting angle, quill of a pen". The French term originated from the Latin cardo, cardinis, meaning "hinge". [4] In the days when all type was cast metal, the parts of a typecasting sort that needed to overlap adjacent letters simply hung off the sort slug's edge. Those ...
In instances of aer (starting or within a word) when it makes the sound IPA [ɛə]/[eə] (air). Comes from the Latin āër, Greek ἀήρ. When ae makes the diphthong / eɪ / (lay) or / aɪ / (eye). When ae is found in a foreign phrase or loan word and it is
The structural differences between multiple editions of Frankenstein have been analysed with overlapping techniques. [3]The problem of non-hierarchical structures in documents has been recognised since 1988; resolving it against the dominant paradigm of text as a single hierarchy (an ordered hierarchy of content objects or OHCO) was initially thought to be merely a technical issue, but has, in ...
Ligatures required for correct text display (any script, but in cursive) Isolated Forms: isol: S1 Substitutes a special form of a letter occurring outside a word (required by Arabic and Syriac) Initial Forms: init: S1 Substitutes a special form of a letter occurring at the beginning of a word (required by Arabic and Syriac) Medial Forms: medi: S1
Combining Diacritical Marks is a Unicode block containing the most common combining characters.It also contains the character "Combining Grapheme Joiner", which prevents canonical reordering of combining characters, and despite the name, actually separates characters that would otherwise be considered a single grapheme in a given context.
A sentence of Zalgo text. Combining characters have been used to create Zalgo text, which is text that appears "corrupted" or "creepy" due to an overuse of combining characters. This causes the text to extend vertically, overlapping other text. [2] This is mostly used in horror contexts on the Internet.