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Moisture management or moisture-wicking is a functional property in textiles that enables them to transfer moisture from the skin, by capillary action through the fabric, spreading it over a large external surface area, which helps in drying quickly. [1] [2] The property is one of the most important for thermal comfort of textiles. [3]
The length of time that the fungus can remain dormant under dry conditions seems to depend on the temperature, with approximate times of nine years at 7.5 °C and one year at 22 °C being quoted. [2] [3] Most fungi will only thrive in acid conditions, but dry rot will remain active in alkaline conditions.
The fungus normally exists unseen, in the form of a mass of threadlike vegetative cells called a mycelium, inhabiting rotting wood; only when suitable environmental conditions of temperature, moisture, and nutrient availability are achieved does the fungus produce the reproductive structures known as fruit bodies, or mushrooms.
Curvularia is a genus of hyphomycete fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. [1] Most Curvularia species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones.
Yeasts have been used since ancient times to leaven bread and to ferment beer and wine. [2] More recently, fungi have been used for a wide variety of industrial fermentations, whether working directly for their effects on materials such as processing paper pulp or bioremediating industrial waste, or serving as the source of enzymes for many purposes, such as fading and softening denim for ...
An example is Talaromyces marneffei, [3] a human pathogen that grows as a mold at room temperature, and as a yeast at human body temperature. The term dimorphic is commonly used for fungi that can grow both as yeast and filamentous cells, however many of these dimorphic fungi actually can grow in more than these two forms.
The chief cause for decay in textiles is almost always the environment in which they are stored. Light, temperature, and humidity can all contribute to a textile's health or deterioration, depending on their intensity. Additionally, pests, chemicals, and pollutants may also cause damage to an antique fabric.
When the temperature is above 70 °F (21 °C) and the relative humidity is above 55 percent, mold begins to develop. [5] Collections kept in basements or environments with uncontrolled temperature and humidity are most likely to be impacted by a mold outbreak. [3] Mold is a dangerous library pest because of the damage it causes to the collections.