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The Covenant Chain is embodied in the Two Row Wampum of the Iroquois, known as the people of the longhouse - Haudenosaunee. It was based in agreements negotiated between Dutch settlers in New Netherland (present-day New York) and the Five Nations of the Iroquois (or Haudenosaunee) early in the 17th century.
John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt (December 16, 1859 – October 14, 1937) [1] was a linguist and ethnographer who specialized in Iroquoian and other Native American languages. [2] Hewitt was born on the Tuscarora Indian Reservation near Lewiston, New York. [3]
As of 2012, a program in Iroquois linguistics at Syracuse University, the Certificate in Iroquois Linguistics for Language Learners, is designed for students and language teachers working in language revitalization. [6] [7] Six Nations Polytechnic in Ohsweken, Ontario offers Ogwehoweh language Diploma and Degree Programs in Mohawk or Cayuga. [8]
By 1677, the Iroquois formed an alliance with the English through an agreement known as the Covenant Chain. By 1680, the Iroquois Confederacy was in a strong position, having eliminated the Susquehannock and the Wampanoag, taken vast numbers of captives to augment their population, and secured an alliance with the English supplying guns and ...
Pre-contact distribution of Iroquoian languages. The Iroquoian peoples are an ethnolinguistic group of peoples from eastern North America.Their traditional territories, often referred to by scholars as Iroquoia, [1] stretch from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River in the north, to modern-day North Carolina in the south.
The Great Treaty of 1722 was a document signed in Albany, New York by leaders of the Five Nations of Iroquois, Province of New York, Colony of Virginia, and Province of Pennsylvania. Also known as the Treaty of Albany, it was made to create a boundary and keep the peace between English settlers and the Iroquois nations.
Piscataway is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Piscataway, a dominant chiefdom in southern Maryland on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay at time of contact with English settlers. [2] Piscataway, also known as Conoy (from the Iroquois ethnonym for the tribe), is considered a dialect of Nanticoke. [3]
Sir William Johnson in 1763. Molly Brant continued his work of sustaining the Anglo-Iroquois alliance. At Onondaga, the leaders of the Iroquois nations held a council to discuss what course to take. Most of the nations and their leaders favored assisting the British, but after the Battle of Saratoga, it seemed unlikely that the British could win.