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Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Glucose homeostasis, when operating normally, restores the blood sugar level to a narrow range of about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79 to 110 mg/dL) (as measured by a fasting blood glucose test). [10] The global mean fasting plasma blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); [11] [12] however, this level fluctuates throughout the day ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) two hours after a 75 gram oral glucose load as in a glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Symptoms of high blood sugar and plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) either while fasting or not fasting; Glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1C) ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5 DCCT %). [88]
Improvement in blood sugar levels and symptoms are expected to occur in 15–20 minutes, at which point blood sugar should be measured again. [3] [2] If the repeat blood sugar level is not above 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), consume another 10–20 grams of a carbohydrate and remeasure blood sugar levels after 15–20 minutes.
[5] [6] The test is considered a three-month average because the average lifespan of a red blood cell is three to four months. Normal levels of glucose produce a normal amount of glycated hemoglobin. As the average amount of plasma glucose increases, the fraction of glycated hemoglobin increases in a predictable way.
Fasting blood sugar (glucose) level of: 110 to 125 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L) – WHO criteria; 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L) – ADA criteria; Glucose tolerance test: blood sugar level of 140 to 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mM) 2 hours after ingesting a standardized 75 gram glucose solution (WHO and ADA criteria) [10]
fasting capillary blood glucose levels <5.5 mmol/L; 1 hour postprandial capillary blood glucose levels <8.0 mmol/L; 2 hour postprandial blood glucose levels <6.7 mmol/L; Regular blood samples can be used to determine HbA1c levels, which give an idea of glucose control over a longer time period. [14]