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Christian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. 1285. The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. [1] Moors are not a single, distinct or self-defined people. [2]
22 May. The Moors surrender Xativa Castle to James I of Aragon following a five-month siege. The terms of surrender of the Moors were laid out in the subsequent Treaty of Xàtiva. [332] (Date unknown). Arjona, the home of Muhammad I of Granada, is taken by Ferdinand III of Castile. [333] 1246. 28 February.
It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. It was first broadcast on Channel 4 Saturday 5 November 2005, [ 2 ] and was filmed in the Spanish region of Andalusia , mostly in the cities of Granada , Cordoba and the Moroccan city of Fes .
Alfonso VI of León and Castile defeats Yahya al-Qadir at the Siege of Toledo, taking the city held by the Moors since 932. [92] 1086. 10 July. Canute IV of Denmark is martyred. [93] 23 October. The Moors under Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeat Alfonso VI of León and Castile at the Battle of Sagrajas. [94] [95] (Date unknown).
1159 – Évora and Beja, in the southern province of Alentejo, are taken from the Moors by the Portuguese. 1160 – Maimonides and his family took refuge in Fez in Morocco, which had been spared by the Almohads. 1161 – Évora, Beja and Alcácer do Sal are retaken by the Moors. 1162 – King Afonso I of Portugal retakes Beja from the Moors.
Moorish troops were able to wage guerrilla warfare and were able to retreat from large armed engagements without suffering too great a loss. [19] The Moors essentially fought a war of ambush. [20] The enemy were highly mobile and could hide and retreat to their home in the mountains and the desert. [20]
Another development was the idea of 'European superiority'. There was a movement by some such as Montaigne that regarded the non-Europeans as a better, more natural and primitive people. Post services were founded all over Europe, which allowed a humanistic interconnected network of intellectuals across Europe, despite religious divisions ...
Throughout 807, the Moors continually returned, and in 810 suffered a major defeat by an alliance of local powers and Charles the Younger. [5] Nonetheless their assaults continued. In 828, the defense of Corsica was entrusted to Boniface II of Tuscany , who conducted a successful expedition against the Muslims and built the fortress that later ...