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The Czechoslovak government-in-exile, sometimes styled officially as the Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Prozatímní vláda Československa; Slovak: Dočasná vláda Československa), was an informal title conferred upon the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee (Czech: Výbor Československého Národního Osvobození; Slovak: Československý Výbor Národného ...
Czechoslovak armies in exile were the military formations loyal to the Czechoslovak government-in-exile during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and included: Poland. Czechoslovak Legion (1939), unit operating in Poland in 1939; United Kingdom. Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion, unit operating under British command from 1940 to 1942
Czechoslovakia had fielded a modern army of 35 divisions and was a major manufacturer of machine guns, tanks, and artillery, most of them assembled in the Škoda factory in Plzeň. Many Czech factories continued to produce Czech designs until converted to German designs. Czechoslovakia also had other major manufacturing companies.
On 18 July 1941, the Soviet Union and UK [43] recognized Beneš's government-in-exile, promised non-interference in the internal affairs of Czechoslovakia, allowed the government-in-exile to raise an army to fight alongside the Red Army on the Eastern Front; and recognized the borders of Czechoslovakia as those before the Munich Agreement. [40]
The army was disbanded following the German takeover of Czechoslovakia in 1939. During World War II, the Czechoslovak Army was recreated in exile, first in the form of the new Czechoslovak Legion fighting alongside Poland during the invasion of Poland, and then in the form of forces loyal to the London-based Czechoslovak government-in-exile.
Once a unified Czechoslovakia was restored after World War II (after the country had been divided during the war), the conflict between the Czechs and the Slovaks surfaced again. The governments of Czechoslovakia and other Central European nations deported ethnic Germans, reducing the presence of minorities in the nation.
Czech prisoners at Buchenwald in 1939, including a Franciscan friar.. The Czech resistance network that existed during the early years of the Second World War operated under the leadership of Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš, who together with the head of Czechoslovak military intelligence, František Moravec, coordinated resistance activity while in exile in London.
Soviet examples were held up for emulation. During the 1970s and 1980s, many of Czechoslovakia's most creative individuals were silenced, imprisoned, or sent into exile. Some found expression for their art through samizdat. Those artists, poets, and writers who were officially sanctioned were, for the most part, undistinguished.