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See also Non-line-of-sight propagation for more on impairments in propagation. It is important to take into account the curvature of the Earth for calculation of line-of-sight paths from maps, when a direct visual fix cannot be made. Designs for microwave formerly used 4 ⁄ 3 Earth radius to compute clearances along the path.
Other lines of sight: The longest line of sight in the British Isles is from Snowdon to Merrick – 232 km. This was photographed by Kris Williams in 2015. [42] The longest line of sight that has been photographed within the USA is Denali from Mount Sanford at 370 km distance. [43] Other long-distance photographs include:
Line-of-sight range; Line-of-sight (missile), the straight line between the missile and the target; Radar horizon; Line-of-sight propagation, electro-magnetic waves travelling in a straight line Non-line-of-sight propagation; Line-of-sight velocity, an object's speed straight towards or away from an observer
The frequency of radio waves used by most radars, in the form of microwaves, travel in straight lines.This generally limits the detection range of radar systems to objects on their horizon (generally referred to as "line of sight" since the aircraft must be at least theoretically visible to a person at the location and elevation of the radar transmitter) due to the curvature of the Earth.
The curvature of the horizon is easily seen in this 2008 photograph, taken from a Space Shuttle at an altitude of 226 km (140 mi).. The horizon is the apparent curve that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body.
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
Gusev crater on Mars: the viewshed (red) is overlaid on an elevation map. In another example the United States Geological Survey (USGS) used a viewshed analysis to assist NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project. When NASA needed to find appropriate landing spots for the Mars rovers, they turned to the USGS to map the best possible sites ...
Longwave in particular had good long-distance transmission characteristics due to their limited interaction with the ground, and thereby provided excellent great circle route ground wave propagation that pointed directly to the transmitter. Methods of performing RDF on longwave signals was a major area of research during the 1900s and 1910s.