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The brothers of Jesus or the adelphoi (Ancient Greek: ἀδελφοί, romanized: adelphoí, lit. 'of the same womb, brothers') [1] [a] are named in the New Testament as James, Joses (a form of Joseph), Simon, Jude, [2] and unnamed sisters are mentioned in Mark and Matthew. [3]
Nolland notes that the word usually translated as brother is gender neutral in the original Greek, and is more accurately translated as "brother or sister." [4] Harrington notes that brother does not literally refer to sibling, or even to just the small group of followers or disciples. Rather he states that the verse should be read as referring ...
The term brother occurs in verses like Acts 18:27. The King James Version renders the plural form used here as "brethren", while modern English versions have "brothers" or "brothers and sisters" . The term comes from the theological concept of adoption, which says that believers are made part of God's family, and become his children.
The full text of the celebrant's exhortation is: Orate, fratres, ut meum ac vestrum sacrificium acceptabile fiat apud Deum Patrem omnipotentem. [4] [5] The English translation is Pray, brethren (brothers and sisters), that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father.
Eric Franklin argues that the requirement to "hate" in Luke (verse 26) is "Semitic exaggeration", [7] and Joseph Benson envisages that hatred "signifies only an inferior degree of love". [ 8 ] Cornelius a Lapide , in his great commentary , comments on verse 33, writing that, "this is the post-parable, and sums up the teaching of the parable itself.
Jerome concluded that James "the brother of the Lord", (Galatians 1:19) is therefore James, son of Alphaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, and the son of Mary Cleophas. [14] In two small but potentially important works of Hippolytus, On the Twelve Apostles of Christ and On the Seventy Apostles of Christ, he relates the following: