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The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library originally designed by Alexander Stepanov for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library. It provides four components called algorithms , containers , functions , and iterators .
Since C++20, using auto or Concept auto in any of the parameters of a function declaration, that declaration becomes an abbreviated function template declaration. [4] Such a declaration declares a function template and one invented template parameter for each placeholder is appended to the template parameter list:
The curiously recurring template pattern (CRTP) is an idiom, originally in C++, in which a class X derives from a class template instantiation using X itself as a template argument. [1] More generally it is known as F-bound polymorphism , and it is a form of F -bounded quantification .
The variadic template feature of C++ was designed by Douglas Gregor and Jaakko Järvi [1] [2] and was later standardized in C++11. Prior to C++11, templates (classes and functions) could only take a fixed number of arguments, which had to be specified when a template was first declared.
Though the syntax of template metaprogramming is usually very different from the programming language it is used with, it has practical uses. Some common reasons to use templates are to implement generic programming (avoiding sections of code which are similar except for some minor variations) or to perform automatic compile-time optimization such as doing something once at compile time rather ...
The following is a declaration of the concept "equality_comparable" from the <concepts> header of a C++20 standard library. This concept is satisfied by any type T such that for lvalues a and b of type T, the expressions a==b and a!=b as well as the reverse b==a and b!=a compile, and their results are convertible to a type that satisfies the concept "boolean-testable":
The phrase grammar of most programming languages can be specified using a Type-2 grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars, [8] though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1. However, there are exceptions, and for some languages the phrase grammar is Type-0 (Turing-complete).
Modern C++ Design: Generic Programming and Design Patterns Applied is a book written by Andrei Alexandrescu, published in 2001 by Addison-Wesley. It has been regarded as "one of the most important C++ books" by Scott Meyers. [1] The book makes use of and explores a C++ programming technique called template metaprogramming. While Alexandrescu ...