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The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cuzco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andean mountain range.
The Inca recorded information on assemblages of knotted strings, known as quipu, although they can no longer be decoded. Originally it was thought that Quipu were used only as mnemonic devices or to record numerical data. Quipus are also believed to record history and literature. [138] The Inca made many discoveries in medicine. [139]
The Sapa Inca left many offspring at the end of his long reign, which were gathered in the Vicaquirao panaca, named after another of his sons, whom he put in charge of it. His reign was one of the best in Cusco's history and served as the foundation of what would become the Inca Empire. [3] [15] Portrait of Yawar Waqaq.
Prescott, William H. History of the Conquest of Mexico & History of the Conquest of Peru. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2000. Pugh, Helen 'Intrepid Dudettes of the Inca Empire' (2020) ISBN 978-1005592318; Reinhard, Johan The Ice Maiden: Inca Mummies, Mountain Gods, and Sacred Sites in the Andes. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2005.
While this was the case for every group of Native-Americans invaded by Europeans during this time period, the Inca population suffered an exceptionally dramatic and rapid decline following contact. The population decline for the Inca Empire from 1520 to 1571 is roughly estimated at from 10 to 15 million in 1520 to less than 3 million in 1570 ...
Most of the cultures of the Late Horizon and some of the cultures of the Late Intermediate joined the Inca Empire by 1493, but the period ends in 1532 because that marks the fall of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest. Most of the cut-off years mark either an end of a severe drought or the beginning of one.
4 Time line of ancient cultures in Peruvian history. ... History of the Inca Empire; ... Cultural periods of Peru; Inca Empire;
White criollo playing an Inca-language music to an Inca woman in Cusco, painted in 1615 by the Inca Guamán Poma. Royal Danish Library. [22] In 1598 the Royal College Seminary of San Antonio el Magno was founded in the city of Cusco, by Bishop Antonio de la Raya. In 1619, the Jesuits established the College of San Bernardo. [17]