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In numerical mathematics, hierarchical matrices (H-matrices) [1] [2] [3] are used as data-sparse approximations of non-sparse matrices. While a sparse matrix of dimension can be represented efficiently in () units of storage by storing only its non-zero entries, a non-sparse matrix would require () units of storage, and using this type of matrices for large problems would therefore be ...
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes. Each node in the tree can be connected to many children (depending on the type of tree), but must be connected to exactly one parent, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] except for the root node, which has no parent (i.e., the ...
An octree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly eight children. Octrees are most often used to partition a three-dimensional space by recursively subdividing it into eight octants. Octrees are the three-dimensional analog of quadtrees. The word is derived from oct (Greek root meaning "eight") + tree.
The COBWEB data structure is a hierarchy (tree) wherein each node represents a given concept. Each concept represents a set (actually, a multiset or bag) of objects, each object being represented as a binary-valued property list. The data associated with each tree node (i.e., concept) are the integer property counts for the objects in that concept.
Sparse: algorithms based on choosing a set of "inducing points" in input space, [5] or more in general imposing a sparse structure on the inverse of the covariance matrix. Hierarchical: algorithms which approximate the covariance matrix with a hierarchical matrix. [6]
For example, if A is a 3-by-0 matrix and B is a 0-by-3 matrix, then AB is the 3-by-3 zero matrix corresponding to the null map from a 3-dimensional space V to itself, while BA is a 0-by-0 matrix. There is no common notation for empty matrices, but most computer algebra systems allow creating and computing with them.
JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions developed by Google with some contributions from Nvidia. [2] [3] [4] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and OpenXLA's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
Bayesian hierarchical modeling often tries to make an inference on the covariance structure of the data, which can be decomposed into a scale vector and correlation matrix. [3] Instead of the prior on the covariance matrix such as the inverse-Wishart distribution , LKJ distribution can serve as a prior on the correlation matrix along with some ...