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Vasodilation is the result of relaxation in smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels. This relaxation, in turn, relies on removing the stimulus for contraction, which depends on intracellular calcium ion concentrations and is tightly linked with phosphorylation of the light chain of the contractile protein myosin. Thus, vasodilation works ...
Arteriolar vasodilators are substances or medications that preferentially dilate arterioles. When used on people with certain heart conditions, it causes a phenomenon known as the cardiac steal syndrome. [citation needed] Arteriolar vasodilators increase intracapillary pressure, which causes fluid to enter the tissues, leading to vasodilatory ...
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel.Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.
Regardless of the subtype, the result of hyperemia is an increase in blood flow to the affected skeletal muscle. [4] Active hyperemia is one subtype, which occurs in response to increased metabolic demand, meaning high oxygen requirements within the tissue. It follows the principle of metabolic control, with the release of vasodilatory ...
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. [1] Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow ...
Generalized vasoconstriction usually results in an increase in systemic blood pressure, but it may also occur in specific tissues, causing a localized reduction in blood flow. The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance. Many vasoconstrictors also cause pupil dilation.
Functional hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue due to the presence of metabolites and a change in general conditions. When a tissue increases its activity, there is a well-characterized fall in the partial pressure of oxygen and pH, along with an increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and a rise in temperature and the concentration of potassium ions.
The muscle tension in the afferent arteriole is modified based on the difference between the sensed concentration and a target concentration. [5] Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole, which results in increased glomerular filtration pressure and tubular fluid flow, occurs when MD cells detect a chloride concentration that is below a target value.