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Calcium channel blocker toxicity is the taking of too much of the medications known as calcium channel blockers (CCBs), either by accident or on purpose. [3] This often causes a slow heart rate and low blood pressure . [ 1 ]
Once calcium is confirmed to be elevated, a detailed history taken from the subject, including review of medications, any vitamin supplementations, herbal preparations, and previous calcium values. Chronic elevation of calcium with absent or mild symptoms often points to primary hyperparathyroidism or Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. For ...
[19] [20] One of the damaging results of excess calcium in the cytosol is initiating apoptosis through cleaved caspase processing. [20] Another damaging result of excess calcium in the cytosol is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a pore in the membranes of mitochondria that opens when the organelles absorb too much ...
Flushing of skin (associated with niacin (vitamin B3) overdose) Skin disturbances (e.g. dryness, itching, cracking of skin, rashes, increased sensitivity to sun) Changes of hair texture (e.g. thickening and/or clumping of hair) Appetite loss; Constipation (associated with iron or calcium overdose) Nausea and vomiting; Diarrhoea
Disorders of calcium metabolism occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. The serum level of calcium is closely regulated within a fairly limited range in the human body. In a healthy physiology, extracellular calcium levels are maintained within a tight range through the actions of parathyroid hormone , vitamin D and the calcium ...
Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity appear several months after excessive doses of vitamin D are administered. In almost every case, a low-calcium diet combined with corticosteroid drugs will allow for a full recovery within a month. It is possible that some of the symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are actually due to vitamin K depletion.
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium.
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), also referred to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). [2] [3] Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury.