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Abstractive summarization methods generate new text that did not exist in the original text. [12] This has been applied mainly for text. Abstractive methods build an internal semantic representation of the original content (often called a language model), and then use this representation to create a summary that is closer to what a human might express.
Paraphrase or paraphrasing in computational linguistics is the natural language processing task of detecting and generating paraphrases. Applications of paraphrasing are varied including information retrieval, question answering , text summarization , and plagiarism detection . [ 1 ]
Research from 2021 proposed that QuillBot could potentially be used for paraphrasing tasks, but indicated the importance of English language proficiency for using it properly. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] See also
US copyright law protects against paraphrasing a story by, for example, copying a detailed plot sequence but using different language for the dialogue. However, under the doctrine of " scènes à faire ", it does not protect more general patterns, such as story themes and character prototypes.
YouTube and similar sites do not have editorial oversight engaged in scrutinizing content, so editors need to watch out for the potential unreliability of the user uploading the video. Editors should also attempt to make sure that the video has not been edited to present the information out of context or inaccurately.
A paraphrase can be introduced with verbum dicendi—a declaratory expression to signal the transition to the paraphrase. For example, in "The author states 'The signal was red,' that is, the train was not allowed to proceed," the that is signals the paraphrase that follows. A paraphrase does not need to accompany a direct quotation. [20]
Speech synthesis includes text-to-speech, which aims to transform the text into acceptable and natural speech in real-time, [33] making the speech sound in line with the text input, using the rules of linguistic description of the text. A classical system of this type consists of three modules: a text analysis model, an acoustic model, and a ...
A close paraphrase of one sentence from a book may be of low concern, while a close paraphrase of one paragraph of a two-paragraph article might be considered a serious violation. Editors must therefore take particular care when writing an article, or a section of an article, that has much the same scope as a single source.