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Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I, [79] much of this increase from immigration. Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million.
Today, Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, the highest proportion among major Western nations. [365] [366] In 2022–23, 212,789 permanent migrants were admitted to Australia, with a net migration population gain of 518,000 people inclusive of non-permanent residents.
Underpopulation is usually defined as a state in which a country's population has declined too much to support its current economic system. [ 28 ] Population decline can cause internal population pressures that then lead to secondary effects such as ethnic conflict, forced refugee flows, and hyper-nationalism . [ 29 ]
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins (2002) Excerpt about Sydney; Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds. Australia's Immigration Revolution (2010) Excerpt and text search; O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
Australia is one of the most urbanised nations, with 90 percent of the population living in just 0.22 per cent of the country’s land area and 87 percent living within 50 kilometres of the coast. [1]
First introduced in 1990, the “dollar-a-day” poverty line measured absolute poverty according to the standards of the world's poorest countries. The World Bank defined the new international poverty line as $1.27 a day for 2005 (equivalent to $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices) [4] but it was later updated to $1.25 and $2.50 per day. [5]
The Census in Australia, officially the Census of Population and Housing, is the national census in Australia that occurs every five years. [1] The census collects key demographic, social and economic data from all people in Australia on census night, including overseas visitors and residents of Australian external territories, only excluding foreign diplomats. [2]
A falling population caused by sub-replacement fertility and/or longer life spans means that the growing size of the retired population relative to the size of the labor force, known as population ageing, may cause a crisis in end of life care for the elderly because of insufficient caregivers for them. [9]