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The components above, except the shaft, are linked by a parameter common to all of them, the flow rate of gas passing through the engine which is the same for all components at the same time (as a basic statement this is an acceptable approximation which ignores the addition of fuel in the combustor and bleeding air from the compressor). [4]
A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition may include rocket , water jet , and hybrid propulsion, the term jet engine typically refers to an internal combustion air-breathing jet engine such as a turbojet , turbofan ...
The type of jet engine used to explain the conversion of fuel into thrust is the ramjet.It is simpler than the turbojet which is, in turn, simpler than the turbofan.It is valid to use the ramjet example because the ramjet, turbojet and turbofan core all use the same principle to produce thrust which is to accelerate the air passing through them.
His engine was to be an axial-flow turbojet, but was never constructed, as it would have required considerable advances over the state of the art in compressors. [3] The Whittle W.2/700 engine flew in the Gloster E.28/39, the first British aircraft to fly with a turbojet engine, and the Gloster Meteor
The performance and efficiency of an engine can never be taken in isolation; for example fuel/distance efficiency of a supersonic jet engine maximises at about Mach 2, whereas the drag for the vehicle carrying it is increasing as a square law and has much extra drag in the transonic region.
A jet engine also can provide thrust at higher speeds where a propeller becomes less efficient or even ineffective; in fact, a jet engine gains efficiency as speed rises, while a propeller loses it (outside of a certain design range). This gives better efficiency in either operating range than an aircraft powered by just a propeller or a jet.
The first German jet engines built during the Second World War used a mechanical APU starting system designed by the German engineer Norbert Riedel.It consisted of a 10 horsepower (7.5 kW) two-stroke flat engine, which for the Junkers Jumo 004 design was hidden in the engine nose cone, essentially functioning as a pioneering example of an auxiliary power unit for starting a jet engine.
The familiar study of jet aircraft treats jet thrust with a "black box" description which only looks at what goes into the jet engine, air and fuel, and what comes out, exhaust gas and an unbalanced force. This force, called thrust, is the sum of the momentum difference between entry and exit and any unbalanced pressure force between entry and ...