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In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats.
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [ 1 ] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life .
Prandial insulin, also called mealtime or bolus insulin, is designed as a bolus dose of insulin prior to a meal to regulate the spike in blood glucose that occurs following a meal. The dose of prandial insulin may be static, or may be calculated by the patient using either their current blood sugar, planned carbohydrate intake, or both.
Bolus insulin is produced during the digestion of meals. Insulin levels rise immediately as we begin to eat, remaining higher than the basal rate for 1 to 4 hours. This meal-associated ( prandial ) insulin production is roughly proportional to the amount of carbohydrate in the meal.
bolus: as a large single dose (usually intravenously) BP, Ph.Br. Pharmacopoeia Britannica: British Pharmacopoeia BS blood sugar BSA body surface area b.t. bedtime mistaken for "b.i.d", meaning twice daily bucc. bucca: buccal (inside cheek) cap., caps. capsula: capsule cap. capiat: let him take (let the patient take) c.m. cras mane: tomorrow ...
Bolus (medicine), the administration of a drug, medication or other substance in the form of a single, large dose Bolus (radiation therapy) , a tissue equivalent substance used in radiation therapy Bolus tracking , technique used in computed tomography imaging, to visualise vessels more clearly
When dealing with an oral bolus dose (e.g. ingestion of a tablet), first order absorption is a very common assumption. In that case the gut equation is augmented with an input term, with an absorption rate constant K a:
The solution of this differential equation is useful in calculating the concentration after the administration of a single dose of drug via IV bolus injection: = C t is concentration after time t; C 0 is the initial concentration (t=0) K is the elimination rate constant