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The term was also used in Spanish America to describe the first autonomist governments established in 1809, 1810, and 1811 in reaction to the developments in Spain. By the time the delegates were to be chosen for the Cádiz Cortes, some of the American provinces had successfully established their juntas, which did not recognize the authority of either the supreme central one or the regency.
The juntas did not accept the Spanish regency, which was under siege in the city of Cadiz. They also rejected the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The juntas in the Americas did not accept the governments of the Europeans, neither the government set up for Spain by the French nor the various Spanish governments set up in response to the French ...
The Spanish American wars of independence (Spanish: Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) took place across the Spanish Empire in the early 19th century. The struggles in both hemispheres began shortly after the outbreak of the Peninsular War , forming part of the broader context of the Napoleonic Wars .
Equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar. The military and political career of Simón Bolívar (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exile patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence ...
The Wars of Independence in Spanish America. Willmington, SR Books. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7; Benson, Nettie Lee (ed.) (1966). Mexico and the Spanish Cortes. Austin: University of Texas Press. Michael P. Costeloe (1986). Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1840. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521 ...
Participation in the retirement system was mandatory and contributions were taken from the employee, the employer and the government. [ 5 ] In the mid-1800s certain United States municipal employees, including firefighters , police and teachers, started receiving public pensions.
The cause of their emergence in Spanish America is generally seen to be in the destruction of the Spanish colonial state structure after the wars of independence, and in the importance of leaders from the independence struggles for providing government in the post-independence period, when nation-states came into being.
Political party: Maverick Party, [6] [7] [8] Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan; Alberta. Proposed: Independence for Alberta [9] [10] [11] or unification with the United States [12] [13] [14] Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta; Saskatchewan