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Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर, Mahāvīra), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान, Vardhamāna), was the 24th Tirthankara (Supreme Preacher) of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha. [12] Mahavira was born in the early 6th century BCE to a royal Kshatriya Jain family of ...
Virachand Raghavji Gandhi [a] (25 August 1864 – 7 August 1901) [1] was a Jain scholar who represented Jainism at the first World Parliament of Religions in 1893. [2] A barrister by profession, he worked to defend the rights of Jains, and wrote and lectured extensively on Jainism, other religions, and philosophy.
Though Mahavira is sometimes mistakenly regarded as the founder, he appears in the tradition as one who, from the beginning, had followed a religion established long ago. [37] After the death of his parents, Mahavira left his home at the age of 30 and meditated for 12.5 years until he attained Kevala jnana (omniscience). [38]
Champat Rai Jain attempted to present Jainism as a scientific religion: Jainism is a science, and not a code of arbitrary rules and capricious commandments. It does not claim to derive its authority from any non-human source, but is, science-like, founded on the knowledge of those Great Ones who have attained perfection with its aid.
Ancient Buddhist texts (such as the Samaññaphala Sutta) which mention Jain ideas and Mahavira cite the four restraints, rather than the five vows of later Jain texts. This has led scholars such as Hermann Jacobi to say that when Mahavira and the Buddha met, the Buddhists knew only about the four restraints of the Parshvanatha tradition. [86]
The Director of Education, Delhi Administration, Delhi & Others (AIR 1976 Delhi 207), the Court referred to Heinrich Zimmer's Philosophies of India describing Jainism as "a heterodox Indian religion" and J. N. Farquhar's Modern Religious Movements in India describing Jainism as "a rival of Hinduism." 1981: First Jain convention in Los Angeles
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
He worked as a Professor of Sanskrit in the Department of Education under the Government of Madhya Pradesh. Throughout his career, he taught Sanskrit at various government colleges, including those in Nagpur, Jabalpur, Jaora, Mandala, and Bhopal. He eventually retired as Professor and Head of the Department of Sanskrit at Government College ...