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Once the restrictions were lifted, manufacturers of access points implemented an extended 128-bit WEP protocol using a 104-bit key size (WEP-104). A 64-bit WEP key is usually entered as a string of 10 hexadecimal (base 16) characters (0–9 and A–F). Each character represents 4 bits, 10 digits of 4 bits each gives 40 bits; adding the 24-bit ...
To prevent this from happening, WEP includes a 24-bit initialization vector (IV) in each message packet. The RC4 key for that packet is the IV concatenated with the WEP key. WEP keys have to be changed manually and this typically happens infrequently. An attacker therefore can assume that all the keys used to encrypt packets share a single WEP key.
WEP used a 64-bit or 128-bit encryption key that must be manually entered on wireless access points and devices and does not change. TKIP employs a per-packet key, meaning that it dynamically generates a new 128-bit key for each packet and thus prevents the types of attacks that compromised WEP. [4]
The "RC" may stand for either Rivest's cipher or, more informally, Ron's code. [1] Despite the similarity in their names, the algorithms are for the most part unrelated. There have been six RC algorithms so far: RC1 was never published. RC2 was a 64-bit block cipher developed in 1987. RC3 was broken before ever being used. RC4 is a stream cipher.
The upper end is related to the stringent requirements of choosing keys used in encryption. In 1999, an Electronic Frontier Foundation project broke 56-bit DES encryption in less than a day using specially designed hardware. [21] In 2002, distributed.net cracked a 64-bit key in 4 years, 9 months, and 23 days. [22]
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP / t iː ˈ k ɪ p /) is a security protocol used in the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard. TKIP was designed by the IEEE 802.11i task group and the Wi-Fi Alliance as an interim solution to replace WEP without requiring the replacement of legacy hardware.
WEP uses 24-bit IVs, making each value one byte long. To start, the attacker utilizes the IV as the first 3 elements in K[ ]. They fill the S-box S[ ] with sequential values from 0 to n as RC4 does when initializing the S-box from a known K[ ]. They then perform the first 3 iterations of ksa() to begin initializing the S-box.
Aircrack-ng is a network software suite consisting of a detector, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs.It works with any wireless network interface controller whose driver supports raw monitoring mode and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g traffic.