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It prospered for about four centuries before it was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji along with the other major centres of Buddhism in Eastern India around 1193. [ 7 ] Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, especially the writings of Tāranātha , the Tibetan monk historian of the 16th–17th centuries.
Khaliji destroyed the Nalanda and Vikramshila universities during his raids across North Indian plains, massacring many Buddhist and Brahmin scholars. [ 41 ] According to Lars Fogelin, the Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent is "not a singular event, with a singular cause; it was a centuries-long process."
Its location is now the site of Antichak village, Bhagalpur district in Bihar. Vikramashila was established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala (783 to 820 AD) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda. Atiśa, the renowned pandita, is sometimes listed as a notable abbot.
The archaeological site of Atapuerca is located in the province of Burgos in the north of Spain and is notable for its evidence of early human occupation. Bone fragments from around 800,000 years ago, found in its Gran Dolina cavern, provide the oldest known evidence of hominid settlement in Western Europe and of hominid cannibalism anywhere in the world.
Colonisation of Europe in prehistory was not achieved in one immigrating wave, but instead through multiple dispersal events. [2] Most of these instances in Eurasia were limited to 40th parallel north. [2] Besides the findings from East Anglia, the first constant presence of humans in Europe begins 500,000–600,000 years ago. [3]
Sumpa basing his account on that of Śākyaśrībhadra who was at Magadha in 1200, states that the Buddhist university complexes of Odantapuri and Vikramshila were also destroyed and the monks massacred. [82] forces attacked the north-western regions of the Indian subcontinent many times. [83] Many places were destroyed and renamed.
About the location of Odantapuri, S.C.Das depending on the account by Sumpa Khan-po (18th century Tibetan polymath) thought that it was “erected on a hill near the town of modern Behar.” [9] However, dge-’dun-chos-’phel stated: “On the railway line from Patna to Rajgir, there is a station called Bihar-Sharif. If one looks to the west ...
Location. Little is known about Jagaddala compared with the other mahaviharas of the era. For many years, its site was could not be ascertained.