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  2. History - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History

    In a slightly different sense, the term history refers not to an academic field but to the past itself or to individual texts about the past. History is a broad discipline encompassing many branches. Some focus on specific time periods, such as ancient history, while others concentrate on particular geographic regions, such as the history of ...

  3. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  4. What Is History? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_History?

    What Is History? is a 1961 non-fiction book by historian E. H. Carr on historiography. It discusses history, facts, the bias of historians, science, morality, individuals and society, and moral judgements in history. The book originated in a series of lectures given by Carr in 1961 at the University of Cambridge.

  5. Historiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography

    The Allegory On the Writing of History shows Truth (top) watching the historian write history, while advised by Wisdom (Jacob de Wit,1754). Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.

  6. World history (field) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_history_(field)

    World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; some leading practitioners are Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms ...

  7. Objectivity (science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(science)

    To be considered objective, the results of measurement must be communicated from person to person, and then demonstrated for third parties, as an advance in a collective understanding of the world. Such demonstrable knowledge has ordinarily conferred demonstrable powers of prediction or technology.

  8. Philosophy of history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_history

    After Hegel, who insisted on the role of great men in history, with his famous statement about Napoleon, "I saw the Spirit on his horse", Thomas Carlyle argued that history was the biography of a few central individuals, heroes, such as Oliver Cromwell or Frederick the Great, writing that "The History of the world is but the Biography of great ...

  9. Hayden White - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayden_White

    Emphasizing history as a narrative using language, he argues that true history should contain both characteristics of synchronic and diachronic. [17] This view is contrary to historians such as Eduard Fueter [ it ] George Peabody Gooch , and Benedetto Croce , who tried to distinguish between historiography and philosophies of history.