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This creates a so-called protocol overhead as the additional data does not contribute to the intrinsic meaning of the message. [5] [6] In telephony, number dialing and call set-up time are overheads. In two-way (but half-duplex) radios, the use of "over" and other signaling needed to avoid collisions is an overhead.
NMT models differ in how exactly they model this function , but most use some variation of the encoder-decoder architecture: [6]: 2 [7]: 469 They first use an encoder network to process and encode it into a vector or matrix representation of the source sentence. Then they use a decoder network that usually produces one target word at a time ...
Line code or encoding overhead, additional bandwidth required for physical line transmission; Overhead information, for telecommunication systems; File system overhead, storage or other consideration required by a file system that is not directly related to data. For example, in tape data storage, the separator between one file and the next is ...
Stencil-based machines Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner) Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner) Typewriter-based copying methods Carbon paper; Blueprint typewriter ribbon; Carbonless copy paper; Photographic processes: Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying)
Using letter copying presses, copies could be made up to twenty-four hours after a letter was written, though copies made within a few hours were best. A copying clerk would begin by counting the number of master letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book. Suppose the clerk wanted to copy 20 one-page letters.
Overhead storage can refer to shelves, cabinets, hooks, lift tables [1] or track systems [2] mounted at height (either ceiling-hung or wall-hung), and can be a form of area-saving storage by moving storage up from the floor and utilizing the volume at height.
Eventually these words will all be translated into big lists in many different languages and using the words in phrase contexts as a resource. You can use the list to generate your own lists in whatever language you're learning and to test yourself.
An article written by Joshua Pearce in Science argued that overhead accounting practices hurt science by removing funds from research and discouraging the use of less-expensive open source hardware. [8] He went into detail on the accounting showing how millions were wasted each year on overhead cash grabs by university administrators in ZME ...